Distribuição e dependência espacial da mortalidade por tuberculose em um município da região amazônica / Spatial distribution and dependence of mortality due to tuberculosis in a city in the Amazon region

Resumo Introdução A mortalidade por tuberculose é um indicador sensível às desigualdades em saúde, considerando-se que o risco para sua ocorrência está relacionado à vulnerabilidade dos territórios. Objetivo Investigar se as variações espaciais dos determinantes sociais afetam as mortes por tuberculose em um município da região amazônica. Método Estudo ecológico com medidas múltiplas de análise, composto por óbitos por tuberculose como causa básica em Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil, notificados no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (2006-2015). Nas análises, foram calculadas as taxas bruta e padronizada, e usado o Índice de Moran para verificar a autocorrelação espacial da mortalidade e, posteriormente, foi aplicada a regressão geograficamente ponderada para aferir a relação da desigualdade com as mortes por tuberculose. Resultados Foram identificados 731 óbitos pela doença. A distribuição da mortalidade ocorreu de forma heterogênea, sendo que as altas taxas de óbito por tuberculose estavam em áreas mais socialmente vulneráveis. Foram confirmadas a autocorrelação e a dependência espacial. O modelo final apresentou as variáveis indicadoras de iniquidades (baixa renda, pobreza e escolaridade), mostrando relação destas com a mortalidade. Conclusão Ficou evidente que os determinantes sociais no espaço urbano influenciam a mortalidade por tuberculose na região. Portanto, avançar em políticas públicas para corrigir as iniquidades em saúde pode influenciar positivamente esse cenário.

Abstract Background Mortality from tuberculosis is a sensitive indicator of health inequalities, given that the risk for its occurrence is related to the vulnerability of the territories. Objective To investigate whether the spatial variations of social determinants affect deaths from tuberculosis in a municipality in the Amazon region. Method Ecological study with multiple measures of analysis. The study was composed of deaths from tuberculosis as a basic cause in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, reported in the Brazilian Mortality Information System (2006-2015). In the analyzes, the crude and standardized rate was calculated, Moran Index was used to verify the spatial autocorrelation of mortality, and subsequently, the geographically weighted regression was applied to assess the inequality relationship of deaths from tuberculosis. Results 731 deaths from the disease were identified. The distribution of mortality was heterogeneous, with high rates of death from tuberculosis in more socially vulnerable areas. The autocorrelation and spatial dependence was confirmed. The final model presented variables that indicate inequities: low income, poverty and education, showing their relationship with mortality. Conclusion It was evident that social determinants in the urban space influence mortality from tuberculosis in the region. Therefore, advancing public policies to correct health inequities can positively impact this scenario.

Predictive model of unfavorable outcomes for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the temporal trend, identify the factors related and elaborate a predictive model for unfavorable treatment outcomes for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). METHODS: Retrospective cohort study with all cases diagnosed with MDR-TB between the years 2006 and 2015 in the state of São Paulo. The data were collected from the state system of TB cases notifications (TB-WEB). The temporal trend analyzes of treatment outcomes was performed through the Prais-Winsten analysis. In order to verify the factors related to the unfavorable outcomes, abandonment, death with basic cause TB and treatment failure, the binary logistic regression was used. Pictorial representations of the factors related to treatment outcome and their prognostic capacity through the nomogram were elaborated. RESULTS: Both abandonment and death have a constant temporal tendency, whereas the failure showed it as decreasing. Regarding the risk factors for such outcomes, using illicit drugs doubled the odds for abandonment and death. Besides that, being diagnosed in emergency units or during hospitalizations was a risk factor for death. On the contrary, having previous multidrug-resistant treatments reduced the odds for the analyzed outcomes by 33%. The nomogram presented a predictive model with 65% accuracy for dropouts, 70% for deaths and 80% for failure. CONCLUSIONS: The modification of the current model of care is an essential factor for the prevention of unfavorable outcomes. Through predictive models, as presented in this study, it is possible to develop patient-centered actions, considering their risk factors and increasing the chances for cure.

Predictive model of unfavorable outcomes for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis / Modelo preditivo dos desfechos desfavoráveis da tuberculose multidroga-resistente

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE to analyze the temporal trend, identify the factors related and elaborate a predictive model for unfavorable treatment outcomes for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). METHODS Retrospective cohort study with all cases diagnosed with MDR-TB between the years 2006 and 2015 in the state of São Paulo. The data were collected from the state system of TB cases notifications (TB-WEB). The temporal trend analyzes of treatment outcomes was performed through the Prais-Winsten analysis. In order to verify the factors related to the unfavorable outcomes, abandonment, death with basic cause TB and treatment failure, the binary logistic regression was used. Pictorial representations of the factors related to treatment outcome and their prognostic capacity through the nomogram were elaborated. RESULTS Both abandonment and death have a constant temporal tendency, whereas the failure showed it as decreasing. Regarding the risk factors for such outcomes, using illicit drugs doubled the odds for abandonment and death. Besides that, being diagnosed in emergency units or during hospitalizations was a risk factor for death. On the contrary, having previous multidrug-resistant treatments reduced the odds for the analyzed outcomes by 33%. The nomogram presented a predictive model with 65% accuracy for dropouts, 70% for deaths and 80% for failure. CONCLUSIONS The modification of the current model of care is an essential factor for the prevention of unfavorable outcomes. Through predictive models, as presented in this study, it is possible to develop patient-centered actions, considering their risk factors and increasing the chances for cure.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a tendência temporal, identificar os fatores relacionados e elaborar um modelo preditivo para os desfechos desfavoráveis do tratamento da tuberculose multidroga-resistente. MÉTODOS Estudo de coorte retrospectiva com todos os casos diagnosticados com tuberculose multidroga-resistente entre os anos de 2006 e 2015 no estado de São Paulo. Os dados secundários foram provenientes do sistema estadual de notificações de casos de tuberculose, o TBWeb. Foi realizada a análise de tendência temporal dos desfechos de tratamento por meio da regressão de Prais-Winsten. Para verificar os fatores relacionados com os desfechos desfavoráveis (óbito com tuberculose como causa básica, abandono e falência do tratamento), foi empregada a regressão logística binária. Representações pictóricas dos fatores relacionados ao desfecho do tratamento e sua capacidade prognóstica foram elaboradas por meio de nomogramas. RESULTADOS Tanto o abandono como o óbito tiveram tendência temporal estacionária, enquanto a falência apresentou tendência decrescente. Em relação aos fatores de risco para tais desfechos, utilizar drogas ilícitas dobrou as chances de abandono e óbito. Além disso, ser diagnosticado em unidades de urgência ou emergência ou durante internações hospitalares foi um fator de risco para o óbito. Ao contrário, ter feito tratamentos prévios da multidroga-resistência reduziu as chances dos desfechos analisados. O nomograma apresentou um modelo preditivo com precisão de 65% para os abandonos, 70% para os óbitos e 80% para a falência. CONCLUSÕES A prevenção de desfechos desfavoráveis no tratamento da tuberculose multidroga-resistente implica a modificação do modelo de atenção vigente. Utilizando modelos preditivos, como o apresentado neste estudo, torna-se possível elaborar ações centradas nos pacientes, considerando seus fatores de risco e aumentando as chances de cura.

Spatial pattern and temporal trend of mortality due to tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiological profile of mortality due to tuberculosis (TB), to analyze the spatial pattern of these deaths and to investigate the temporal trend in mortality due to tuberculosis in Northeast Brazil. METHODS: An ecological study based on secondary mortality data. Deaths due to TB were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were calculated and gross mortality rates were estimated and smoothed by the Local Empirical Bayesian Method. Prais-Winsten's regression was used to analyze the temporal trend in the TB mortality coefficients. The Kernel density technique was used to analyze the spatial distribution of TB mortality. RESULTS: Tuberculosis was implicated in 236 deaths. The burden of tuberculosis deaths was higher amongst males, single people and people of mixed ethnicity, and the mean age at death was 51 years. TB deaths were clustered in the East, West and North health districts, and the tuberculosis mortality coefficient remained stable throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Analyses of the spatial pattern and temporal trend in mortality revealed that certain areas have higher TB mortality rates, and should therefore be prioritized in public health interventions targeting the disease.

Social determinants, their relationship with leprosy risk and temporal trends in a tri-border region in Latin America.

BACKGROUND: Brazil is the only country in Latin America that has adopted a national health system. This causes differences in access to health among Latin American countries and induces noticeable migration to Brazilian regions to seek healthcare. This phenomenon has led to difficulties in the control and elimination of diseases related to poverty, such as leprosy. The aim of this study was to evaluate social determinants and their relationship with the risk of leprosy, as well as to examine the temporal trend of its occurrence in a Brazilian municipality located on the tri-border area between Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. METHODS: This ecological study investigated newly-diagnosed cases of leprosy between 2003 and 2015. Exploratory analysis of the data was performed through descriptive statistics. For spatial analysis, geocoding of the data was performed using spatial scan statistic techniques to obtain the Relative Risk (RR) for each census tract, with their respective 95% confidence intervals calculated. The Bivariate Moran I test, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models were applied to analyze the spatial relationships of social determinants and leprosy risk. The temporal trend of the annual coefficient of new cases was obtained through the Prais-Winsten regression. A standard error of 5% was considered statistically significant (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Of the 840 new cases identified in the study, there was a predominance of females (n = 427, 50.8%), of white race/color (n = 685, 81.6%), age range 15 to 59 years (n = 624, 74.3%), and incomplete elementary education (n = 504, 60.0%). The results obtained from multivariate analysis revealed that the proportion of households with monthly nominal household income per capita greater than 1 minimum wage (ß = 0.025, p = 0.036) and people of brown race (ß = -0.101, p = 0.024) were statistically-significantly associated with risk of illness due to leprosy. These results also confirmed that social determinants and risk of leprosy were significantly spatially non-stationary. Regarding the temporal trend, a decrease of 4% (95% CI [-0.053, -0.033], p = 0.000) per year was observed in the rate of detection of new cases of leprosy. CONCLUSION: The social determinants income and race/color were associated with the risk of leprosy. The study's highlighting of these social determinants can contribute to the development of public policies directed toward the elimination of leprosy in the border region.

Spatial pattern and temporal trend of mortality due to tuberculosis / Padrão espacial e tendência temporal da mortalidade por tuberculose / Patrón espacial y tendencia temporal de la mortalidad debido a la tuberculosis

ABSTRACT Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile of mortality due to tuberculosis (TB), to analyze the spatial pattern of these deaths and to investigate the temporal trend in mortality due to tuberculosis in Northeast Brazil. Methods: An ecological study based on secondary mortality data. Deaths due to TB were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were calculated and gross mortality rates were estimated and smoothed by the Local Empirical Bayesian Method. Prais-Winsten's regression was used to analyze the temporal trend in the TB mortality coefficients. The Kernel density technique was used to analyze the spatial distribution of TB mortality. Results: Tuberculosis was implicated in 236 deaths. The burden of tuberculosis deaths was higher amongst males, single people and people of mixed ethnicity, and the mean age at death was 51 years. TB deaths were clustered in the East, West and North health districts, and the tuberculosis mortality coefficient remained stable throughout the study period. Conclusions: Analyses of the spatial pattern and temporal trend in mortality revealed that certain areas have higher TB mortality rates, and should therefore be prioritized in public health interventions targeting the disease.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever o perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade por tuberculose (TB), analisar o padrão espacial dessas mortes e investigar a tendência temporal da mortalidade por tuberculose no Nordeste do Brasil. Métodos: estudo ecológico baseado em dados secundários de mortalidade. As mortes por TB foram incluídas no estudo. As estatísticas descritivas e as taxas brutas de mortalidade foram calculadas e suavizadas pelo Método Bayesiano Empírico Local. A regressão de Prais-Winsten foi utilizada para analisar a tendência temporal dos coeficientes de mortalidade por tuberculose. A técnica de densidade de Kernel foi utilizada para analisar a distribuição espacial da mortalidade por TB. Resultados: a tuberculose foi citada em 236 óbitos. A maioria das mortes por tuberculose ocorreu entre os homens, solteiros, de etnia mista e média de idade de 51 anos. As mortes por tuberculose concentraram-se nos distritos de saúde leste, oeste e norte e o coeficiente de mortalidade por tuberculose permaneceu estacionário ao longo do período de estudo. Conclusões: as análises do padrão espacial e da tendência temporal da mortalidade revelaram áreas com maiores taxas de mortalidade por TB, as quais devem ser priorizadas para intervenções de saúde pública visando o controle da doença.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describir el perfil epidemiológico de la mortalidad por tuberculosis (TB), analizar el patrón espacial de estas muertes e investigar la tendencia temporal de la mortalidad por tuberculosis en el noreste de Brasil. Métodos: estudio ecológico basado en datos secundarios de mortalidad. Las muertes por TB se incluyeron en el estudio. Se calcularon las estadísticas descriptivas y se estimaron y suavizaron las tasas de mortalidad bruta mediante el Método Bayesiano Empírico Local. La regresión de Prais-Winsten se utilizó para analizar la tendencia temporal en los coeficientes de mortalidad por TB. La técnica de densidad de Kernel se utilizó para analizar la distribución espacial de la mortalidad por TB. Resultados: la tuberculosis estuvo presente en 236 muertes. El peso de muertes por tuberculosis fue mayor en hombres, personas solteras y personas de origen étnico mixto y la edad media al momento de la muerte fue de 51 años. Las muertes por tuberculosis se agruparon en los distritos de salud del este, oeste y norte y el coeficiente de mortalidad por tuberculosis se mantuvo estable durante todo el período de estudio. Conclusiones: los análisis del patrón espacial y la tendencia temporal de la mortalidad revelaron que ciertas áreas con tasas más altas de mortalidad por TB y, por lo tanto, deberían ser priorizadas en las intervenciones de salud pública dirigidas a esta enfermedad.

Como as variações espaciais das iniquidades sociais afetam as mortes por tuberculose? Um estudo com aplicação do Geographically Weighted Regression model em Manaus / How do spatial variations in social inequities affect tuberculosis deaths? A study with the application of the Geographically Weighted Regression model in Manaus

Introdução: A tuberculose (TB) se configura como um grave problema de saúde pública, estando entre as principais doenças infecciosas que mais matam no mundo. Objetivo: Investigar se as variações espaciais das iniquidades sociais afetam as mortes por tuberculose. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico analítico de medidas múltiplas de análise, desenvolvido na área urbana de Manaus, o qual utilizou como unidade de análise as Unidades de Desenvolvimento Humano (UDHs). A população do estudo foi composta de casos de óbito por TB como causa básica, registrados no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade no período de 2006 a 2015. A geocodificação dos endereços foi processada no TerraView versão 4.2.2. Posteriormente, Taxas brutas, padronizadas e bayesianas empíricas globais de mortalidade foram calculadas. A existência de autocorrelação espacial da mortalidade por TB foi verificada pelos índices de Moran Global e Local. Aplicou-se Regressão Linear Múltipla (OLS), optando pelo modelo que apresentasse o menor AIC (Critério de Informação de Akaike), conforme técnica de stepwise. Os resíduos da regressão linear foram investigados quanto à existência de autocorrelação espacial por meio do Teste Global de Moran. Após, recorreu-se a uma análise multivariada espacial local utilizando modelo de Regressão Ponderada Geograficamente (GWR). Na GWR foram incorporadas como variáveis exploratórias aquelas que se apresentaram como melhor modelo conforme critério de R², R² ajustado e valor de AIC no modelo linear (OLS). Para as análises foram considerados os softwares Statistica versão 12.0, R versão 3.2.2 e ArcGIS versão 10.2.2. Em todos os testes estatísticos foi fixado o nível de significância em 5% (p< 0,05). Resultados: Foram identificados 731 óbitos, 692 seguiram para a etapa de análise espacial, e 666 (96,24%) foram geocodificados. Houve predominância de casos no sexo masculino e na etnia parda. Observou-se que a maioria apresentou idade entre 15 e 59 anos e possuía ensino fundamental e médio e ocupação ignorada. Observou-se maior taxa de mortalidade na região sul do município, onde as taxas anuais variaram entre 1,6 a 7,7 casos por 100.000 habitantes. Na análise da correlação espacial da variável dependente (taxa padronizada dos óbitos por tuberculose), o índice de Moran global (I) encontrado foi de 0,177 (p=0,01). O modelo final OLS pode explicar 0,06 (R²) da variação das taxas de mortalidade por TB, obtendo R² ajustado 0,044 e AIC 1189,19. O modelo OLS permitiu a seleção das variáveis a serem testadas no modelo GWR, tais como: Taxa de analfabetismo da população de 18 anos ou mais de idade; Proporção de pobres; Proporção de vulneráveis à pobreza; Percentual da renda total apropriada pelos 20% da população com menor renda domiciliar per capita e Taxa de desocupação da população de 18 anos ou mais de idade. O modelo final GWS apresentou parâmetros de R2 0,093, R2 ajustado 0,037 e AIC 1178,36. Conclusão: O estudo avança no conhecimento ao evidenciar diferenças entre as áreas em termos dos determinantes sociais. Neste sentido, são fundamentais reformulações políticas e intervenções em saúde nas áreas identificadas de maior risco em Manaus

Introduction. Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem, being among the main infectious diseases that kill more people worldwide. Aim: To investigate whether spatial variations in social inequities affect tuberculosis deaths. Methods: This was an ecological analytical study of multiple measures of analysis, developed in the urban area of Manaus, in which the Human Development Units (HDUs) were used as the unit of analysis. The study population was composed of cases of death due to TB as the basic cause, recorded in the Mortality Information System from 2006 to 2015. The geocoding of the addresses was processed using the TerraView version 4.2.2 software. Subsequently, gross, standardized, and Bayesian global empirical mortality rates were calculated. The existence of spatial autocorrelation of TB mortality was verified through the Global and Local Moran indices. Multiple Linear Regression (OLS) was applied, choosing the model that presented the lowest AIC (Akaike Information Criterion), according to the stepwise technique. Residues of linear regression were investigated for the existence of spatial autocorrelation through the Global Moran Test. Subsequently, a local spatial multivariate analysis was employed using the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model. In the GWR, those variables that presented the best model according to the R² criterion, adjusted R² and AIC value in the linear model (OLS) were incorporated as exploratory variables. The Statistica version 12.0, R version 3.2.2 and ArcGIS version 10.2 programs were used for the analyses. In all statistical tests, the level of significance was set at 5% (p<0.05). Results: A total of 731 deaths were identified, with 692 used in the spatial analysis stage and 666 (96.24%) geocoded. There was a predominance of cases in males and in people of brown skin color. It was observed that the majority was aged between 15 and 59 years, had elementary and high school education and did not report an occupation. A higher mortality rate was observed in the southern region of the city, where annual rates ranged from 1.6 to 7.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. In the analysis of the spatial correlation of the dependent variable (standardized rate of deaths due to tuberculosis), the global Moran index (I) found was 0.177 (p=0.01). The final OLS model explained 0.06 (R²) of the variation of mortality rates due to TB, obtaining 0.044 adjusted R² and 1189.19 AIC. The OLS model allowed the selection of the variables to be tested in the GWR model, such as: Illiteracy rate of the population aged 18 years or over; Proportion of poor people; Proportion of people vulnerable to poverty; Percentage of total income appropriated by the 20% of the population with the lowest per capita household income and the unemployment rate of the population aged 18 years or over. The final GWS model presented the following parameters, 0.093 R2, 0.037 adjusted R2 and 1178.36 AIC. Conclusion: The study advances knowledge by highlighting differences between areas in terms of the social determinants. Accordingly, political reformulations and health interventions are fundamental in the areas of greater risk identified in Manaus

Areas with evidence of equity and their progress on mortality from tuberculosis in an endemic municipality of southeast Brazil.

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, people still fall ill and die from tuberculosis (TB), and this can be explained by the significant impasse in the equity of distribution of therapeutic resources to the population as a whole. The aim was to identify geographical areas which have shown progress in terms of equity (of income, schooling and urban occupancy) and test its effect on mortality from TB in a municipality of southeast Brazil. METHODS: It is an ecological study considering TB as the basic cause for deaths registered between 2006 and 2013 on the Mortality Information System and other variables obtained through the Demographic Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (2010). The geographical area for analysis comprised the areas of coverage of the health services. Social indicators have been constructed through the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The cases were geocoded and the annual mortality rate from TB was calculated with smoothing using the local empirical Bayesian method. Multiple linear regression was then performed. There was confirmation of the existence of spatial dependence of residue through the application of the Global Moran I test, and application of the Models with Global Spatial Effects, to identify the best standard of spatial regression. RESULTS: The mortality rates ranged from 0.00 to 2.8 deaths per 100,000 people, per year. In the PCA, three indicators were constructed, and designated as indicators of income, social inequality, and social equity. In multiple linear regression, the indicator of social equity was statistically significant (P < 0.0001) but had a negative association, an adjusted R2 of 28.36% and with spatial dependence (Moran I = 0.21, P = 0.003455). The best model to deal with existing spatial dependence was the Spatial Lag Model. CONCLUSIONS: The better social conditions have shown progress in reducing mortality from TB, thereby reinforcing the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals. In addition, cartography was also applied, which can be replicated in other scenarios throughout the world, using a scope distinct from that of works traditionally produced in that it places the emphasis on social equity.

Spatial clustering and local risk of leprosy in São Paulo, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Although the detection rate is decreasing, the proportion of new cases with WHO grade 2 disability (G2D) is increasing, creating concern among policy makers and the Brazilian government. This study aimed to identify spatial clustering of leprosy and classify high-risk areas in a major leprosy cluster using the SatScan method. METHODS: Data were obtained including all leprosy cases diagnosed between January 2006 and December 2013. In addition to the clinical variable, information was also gathered regarding the G2D of the patient at diagnosis and after treatment. The Scan Spatial statistic test, developed by Kulldorff e Nagarwalla, was used to identify spatial clustering and to measure the local risk (Relative Risk-RR) of leprosy. Maps considering these risks and their confidence intervals were constructed. RESULTS: A total of 434 cases were identified, including 188 (43.31%) borderline leprosy and 101 (23.28%) lepromatous leprosy cases. There was a predominance of males, with ages ranging from 15 to 59 years, and 51 patients (11.75%) presented G2D. Two significant spatial clusters and three significant spatial-temporal clusters were also observed. The main spatial cluster (p = 0.000) contained 90 census tracts, a population of approximately 58,438 inhabitants, detection rate of 22.6 cases per 100,000 people and RR of approximately 3.41 (95%CI = 2.721-4.267). Regarding the spatial-temporal clusters, two clusters were observed, with RR ranging between 24.35 (95%CI = 11.133-52.984) and 15.24 (95%CI = 10.114-22.919). CONCLUSION: These findings could contribute to improvements in policies and programming, aiming for the eradication of leprosy in Brazil. The Spatial Scan statistic test was found to be an interesting resource for health managers and healthcare professionals to map the vulnerability of areas in terms of leprosy transmission risk and areas of underreporting.

Differences in the clinical-epidemiological profile between new cases of tuberculosis and retreatment cases after default.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the socioeconomic and clinical-epidemiological factors related to tuberculosis in new cases and retreatment cases. METHOD: Comparative study with 126 patients, of which 42 were retreatment cases after default attended in a reference center, and 84 were new cases completing the first treatment and treated in Basic Health Units. The collection of primary data was through interview, and of secondary data by records of the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Comparative analysis between the two groups. RESULTS: The new cases differ from retreatment cases regarding educational level. The clinical-epidemiological profile shows a significant difference in relation to performance of the tuberculin skin test, and the HIV test result (positive) in favor of new cases. In relation to performance of sputum culture and the result (positive) of the first sputum smear of the first and second samples, in favor of retreatment cases. CONCLUSION: The two groups are significantly different in clinical and epidemiological characteristics that show the access to exams. OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores socioeconômicos e clínico-epidemiológicos associados à tuberculose em casos novos e em casos em retratamento. MÉTODO: Estudo comparativo de 126 pacientes, sendo 42 casos em retratamento por abandono atendidos num Centro de Referência e 84 casos novos concluindo o primeiro tratamento, atendidos em Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Levantamento de dados primários por entrevista e dados secundários pela Ficha de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Análise comparativa entre os dois grupos. RESULTADOS: Os casos novos diferem dos em retratamento quanto à escolaridade. O perfil clínico-epidemiológico mostra que há diferença significativa quanto à realização do teste tuberculínico e o resultado do teste HIV (positivo) a favor dos casos novos. Quanto à realização da cultura de escarro e o resultado (positivo) da baciloscopia de escarro da primeira e da segunda amostras, a favor dos casos em retratamento. CONCLUSÃO: Os dois grupos diferem significativamente por características clínico-epidemiológicas que retratam o acesso a exames.

Differences in the clinical-epidemiological profile between new cases of tuberculosis and retreatment cases after default / Diferencias en el perfil clínico-epidemiológico entre casos nuevos de tuberculosis y casos en retratamiento tras abandono / Diferenças no perfil clínico-epidemiológico entre casos novos de tuberculose e casos em retratamento após abandono

Abstract OBJECTIVE To identify the socioeconomic and clinical-epidemiological factors related to tuberculosis in new cases and retreatment cases. METHOD Comparative study with 126 patients, of which 42 were retreatment cases after default attended in a reference center, and 84 were new cases completing the first treatment and treated in Basic Health Units. The collection of primary data was through interview, and of secondary data by records of the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Comparative analysis between the two groups. RESULTS The new cases differ from retreatment cases regarding educational level. The clinical-epidemiological profile shows a significant difference in relation to performance of the tuberculin skin test, and the HIV test result (positive) in favor of new cases. In relation to performance of sputum culture and the result (positive) of the first sputum smear of the first and second samples, in favor of retreatment cases. CONCLUSION The two groups are significantly different in clinical and epidemiological characteristics that show the access to exams.

Resumen OBJETIVO Identificar factores socioeconómicos y clínico-epidemiológicos asociados con la tuberculosis en casos nuevos y en casos en retratamiento. MÉTODO Estudios comparativo de 126 pacientes, siendo 42 casos en retratamiento por abandono atendidos en un Centro de Referencia y 84 casos nuevos concluyendo el primer tratamiento, atendidos en Unidades Básicas de Salud. Relevamiento de datos primarios por entrevista y datos secundarios por la Ficha de Información de Agravios de Notificación. Análisis comparativo entre ambos grupos. RESULTADOS Los casos nuevos difieren de los en retratamiento en cuanto a la escolaridad. El perfil clínico-epidemiológico muestra que hay diferencia significativa en cuanto a la realización de la prueba tuberculínica y el resultado de la prueba VIH (positivo) a favor de los casos nuevos. En cuanto a la realización del cultivo de esputo y el resultado (positivo) de la baciloscopia de esputo de la primera y la segunda muestras, están a favor de los casos en retratamiento. CONCLUSIÓN Ambos grupos difieren significativamente por características clínico-epidemiológicas que retratan el acceso a estudios.

Resumo OBJETIVO Identificar fatores socioeconômicos e clínico-epidemiológicos associados à tuberculose em casos novos e em casos em retratamento. MÉTODO Estudo comparativo de 126 pacientes, sendo 42 casos em retratamento por abandono atendidos num Centro de Referência e 84 casos novos concluindo o primeiro tratamento, atendidos em Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Levantamento de dados primários por entrevista e dados secundários pela Ficha de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Análise comparativa entre os dois grupos. RESULTADOS Os casos novos diferem dos em retratamento quanto à escolaridade. O perfil clínico-epidemiológico mostra que há diferença significativa quanto à realização do teste tuberculínico e o resultado do teste HIV (positivo) a favor dos casos novos. Quanto à realização da cultura de escarro e o resultado (positivo) da baciloscopia de escarro da primeira e da segunda amostras, a favor dos casos em retratamento. CONCLUSÃO Os dois grupos diferem significativamente por características clínico-epidemiológicas que retratam o acesso a exames.